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How is ABG used to assess acid-base balance in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

How is ABG used to assess acid-base balance in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), ABG testing is essential for evaluating the severity of the acid-base imbalance and guiding treatment:

  • Identifying Metabolic Acidosis: ABG typically shows a low pH (<7.35) and decreased bicarbonate (HCO3-) levels due to the accumulation of ketoacids.
  • Assessing Severity: The degree of acidosis (pH) and compensation (PaCO2) provides a clear picture of the metabolic disturbance.
  • Monitoring Treatment Progress: Serial ABGs help track the resolution of acidosis as insulin therapy reduces ketone production and fluids restore electrolyte balance.
  • Detecting Mixed Disorders: ABG can identify concurrent conditions, such as respiratory alkalosis due to hyperventilation, which may complicate the clinical picture.
  • Guiding Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy: Changes in ABG values, such as pH and bicarbonate levels, inform adjustments in fluid replacement and correction of potassium or other electrolyte imbalances.
ABG plays a vital role in ensuring the effective and safe management of DKA, minimizing complications and improving outcomes.


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