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Allen’s Test

What is the Allen’s Test, and Why is it Performed Before ABG Collection?

The Allen’s test is a simple and non-invasive procedure used to assess the blood flow to the hand, specifically the adequacy of circulation through the ulnar artery. It is typically performed before collecting an arterial blood gas (ABG) sample from the radial artery to ensure that the hand will still receive sufficient blood flow if the radial artery is damaged or becomes blocked during the procedure.

Here’s how the Allen’s test is performed:

  1. Preparation: The patient is asked to clench their fist tightly, or if unable, the hand is gently compressed to reduce blood flow.
  2. Occlusion of Arteries: The healthcare provider uses their fingers to press on both the radial and ulnar arteries at the wrist, cutting off blood supply to the hand. This causes the hand to blanch (turn pale) due to lack of blood flow.
  3. Release of Ulnar Artery: While maintaining pressure on the radial artery, the provider releases the ulnar artery. The patient is asked to relax their hand, and the provider observes whether blood flow returns to the palm and fingers.



Why is the Allen’s Test Important?

The test determines whether the ulnar artery is functioning adequately to supply blood to the hand. If blood flow quickly returns to the hand after releasing the ulnar artery (typically within 5–7 seconds), the test is considered positive, indicating good collateral circulation. In this case, it is safe to proceed with ABG collection from the radial artery.

If the hand remains pale, the test is negative, suggesting that the ulnar artery may not provide adequate blood flow on its own. In such cases, the radial artery should not be punctured, as this could compromise blood supply to the hand and lead to complications, such as ischemia.

By performing the Allen’s test, healthcare providers minimize the risk of harm during ABG collection and ensure patient safety.

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