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National Mental Health Programme (NMHP)

National Mental Health Programme

 

Introduction 

Mental health issues duniya bhar mein kaafi aam hain aur yeh har tarah ke logon ko prabhavit karti hain. Bahut se adults kabhi na kabhi anxiety, fatigue, ya sleeplessness jaise lakshan anubhav karte hain, aur har saat mein se ek vyakti ko apne jeevan mein kisi na kisi roop mein ek diagnosable mental health disorder ka samna karna padta hai.

 



Burden of Disease 

1993 mein World Bank ke ek report ne bataya ki mental health disorders, healthy life years ke loss ka karan bante hain, aur yeh diarrhea, malaria, worm infestations aur tuberculosis se zyada khatarnak hain jab inhe alag-alag dekha jaye. 2020 tak, yeh anuman lagaya gaya tha ki mental health conditions global burden of disease ka 15% hissa hongi.

Bharat mein pichle 20 saalon mein kiye gaye kai epidemiological studies yeh dikhate hain ki psychiatric disorders yahan utne hi aam hain jitne videsh mein. In disorders ki prevalence 18 se 207 per 1,000 logon ke beech hai, aur iska average 65.4 per 1,000 hai. Kisi bhi samay, lagbhag 2-3% jansankhya gambhir aur asamarthak mental health conditions ya epilepsy se joojh rahi hoti hai. Durbhagya se, inmein se adhiktar log rural areas mein rehte hain jahan mental health care ki facilities ki kami hai. Saath hi, general outpatient departments (OPD) mein aaye hue kai adults ko mental health issues ka samna hota hai, lekin kai cases miss ho jate hain kyunki health care providers aksar mental health ke symptoms ke baare mein sawal nahi poochte, jiska nateeja unnecessary tests aur treatments hota hai.

 

The National Mental Health Programme 

Mental health ka significant burden aur sevaon ki kami ko dekhte hue, Bharat sarkar ne 1982 mein National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) launch kiya.

Is programme ka dhyan teen mukhya kshetron par hai:

1. Treatment un logon ke liye jo mental illness se grasit hain.

2. Rehabilitation unke liye jo prabhavit hue hain.

3. Positive mental health ke liye prevention aur promotion.

 



Aims 

NMHP ke aims hain:

  • Mental aur neurological disorders ke saath unse judi disabilities ka prevention aur treatment karna.
  • Mental health care ko general health services mein integrate karna mental health technology ke madhyam se.
  • National development mein mental health ke siddhanton ka istemal karke quality of life ko behtar banana.

 

Objectives 

NMHP ke pramukh objectives hain:

  • Sabhi logon ke liye, khaaskar kamzor aur vanchit varg ke logon ke liye, minimum mental health care services ki uplabdhata aur pahuch sunishchit karna.
  • General health care aur social development mein mental health gyaan ka prayog ko badhava dena.
  • Community ko mental health services ke vikas mein bhaagidari ke liye prerit karna aur self-help initiatives ko badhava dena.

 

Strategies 

In aims ko paane ke liye programme kuch mukhya strategies ka palan karta hai:

  • NMHP ke madhyam se mental health care ko primary health care ke saath integrate karna.
  • Mental disorders ke treatment ke liye tertiary care institutions ka pravadhan karna.
  • Mental illness ke stigma ko mitane aur mental health conditions wale logo ke adhikaron ka rakshan karne ke liye Central Mental Health Authority aur State Mental Health Authorities jaise sansthano ka gathan karna.

 

Mental Health Care 

Mental health treatment ko healthcare system ke vibhin staron par prathmikta di gayi hai, jaise ki:

  1. Gaon aur sub-center level par primary care
  2. Primary Health Centers (PHC)
  3. District hospitals
  4. Mental hospitals aur psychiatric teaching units

 

District Mental Health Programme 

Yeh programme district level par mental health care par kendrit hai, jisme nimnalikhit components shamil hain:

  • Har state mein identified Nodal Institutes par mental health team ke sabhi karyakartao ka training programme.
  • Mental health ke prati jagrukta badhane aur stigma kam karne ke liye public education campaigns.
  • Jaldi diagnosis aur treatment ke liye OPD aur indoor services ka pravadhan.
  • Community se mila data aur anubhav, state aur central governments ko future planning, services mein sudhar aur research ke liye pradan karna.

 

Support and Funding 

World Bank aur WHO jaise antar-rashtriya sansthano ko programme ke vibhin components mein support dene ke liye sampark kiya gaya hai. Bharat sarkar dwara state governments aur nodal institutes ko pehle paanch saal tak funding pradan ki jati hai, jisme staff ki tankhwa, equipment, gaadi, dawa, stationary, training aadi ka kharcha shamil hota hai. Paanch saal ke baad, in sansthano ko apne aap chalana hota hai. Central Mental Health Authority, jo Bharat sarkar dwara gathit hai, Mental Health Act 1986 ke implementation ko monitor karti hai. State Mental Health Authorities ko bhi aise hi karya karne ke liye gathit kiya gaya hai.

 

Monitoring and Oversight 

National Human Rights Commission bhi Bharat sarkar ke saath milkar mental hospitals mein conditions ko monitor karta hai, taki quality care ko sunishchit kiya ja sake aur joint studies ke recommendations ke anusaar sudhar kiya ja sake.



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