Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Children (HFMD)

 

Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Children

 

Introduction 

Hand, foot, aur mouth disease (HFMD) ek common viral bimari hai jo mainly chhote bachchon ko affect karti hai. Yeh usually mild hoti hai, lekin kabhi-kabhi discomfort aur complications ka kaaran ban sakti hai. HFMD viruses ke enterovirus family ke karan hoti hai, jisme se coxsackievirus A16 aur enterovirus 71 sabse common hain.

Symptoms 

Virus ke exposure ke 3 se 7 din baad symptoms nazar aane lagte hain, jo include karte hain:

1. Fever: Pehla sign hota hai, jo usually mild se moderate hota hai.

2. Sore Throat: Gala mein dard ho sakta hai, aur nighalne mein bhi takleef ho sakti hai.

3. Mouth Sores: Dardnakh zakhm munh mein bante hain, jo zyadaatar jeebh, masoodon, aur andar ke gaalon par hote hain.

4. Rash: Haathon aur paon par ek rash bhi dikhayi de sakta hai. Yeh daag usually laal hote hain aur blister ban sakte hain.

5. Loss of Appetite: Munh ke sores ke wajah se bachche khana ya pani nhin lete hain.

6. Fatigue aur Irritability: General thakaan aur chidchidaapan hota hai, jo chhote bachchon mein zyada dikhai deta hai.

 

Transmission 

HFMD chhune se phailne waali bimari hai, aur yeh is tarah se spread hoti hai:

• Direct Contact: Infected surfaces ya fluids (jaise saliva, blister ka fluid) ko touch karna.
• Respiratory Droplets: Kisi bimaar shakhs ke khansi ya cheekhne se.
• Feco-Oral Route: Virus stool mein bhi hota hai, to safai ki kami se yeh phail sakta hai.

 

Diagnosis 

Diagnosis usually in baaton par depend karta hai:

• Clinical Evaluation: Doctor symptoms ko assess karte hain aur characteristic mouth sores aur rashes dekhte hain.
• Recent Illness History: Schools ya daycare centers mein recent outbreaks ko note karna helpful ho sakta hai.
• Kabhi-kabhi, laboratory tests ki zarurat ho sakti hai taaki virus ka type confirm ho sake.

 

Bacchon mein Hand, Foot, aur Mouth Disease (HFMD) ka ilaj 

HFMD ka koi specific antiviral treatment nahi hai, par symptoms ko manage karne aur supportive care dene par focus kiya jata hai. Yahan kuch key treatment strategies di gayi hain:

1. Symptom Relief 

Pain Relief - Over-the-Counter Medications:

• Acetaminophen (Tylenol): Bukhar kam karne aur dard se rahat dene ke liye.
• Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin): Bukhar aur discomfort kam karne ka ek aur option.
• Note: Bacchon ko aspirin dena avoid karein kyunki Reye's syndrome ka risk hota hai.

Mouth Sores:

• Topical Anesthetics: Benzocaine wale gels ya liquids temporary dard ko numb kar sakte hain. Yeh sores par directly lagaye ja sakte hain.
• Saltwater Rinses: Namak aur garam paani ka solution gala aur munh ke sores ko soothe karne mein madad karta hai (lekin chhote bachchon ke liye use karna mushkil ho sakta hai).

2. Hydration 

• Fluid Intake Encourage Karein: Bacchon ko hydrated rakhna bahut zaruri hai, khaaskar jab unhe munh ke sores ke kaaran nighalne mein mushkil hoti hai.
• Thande Fluids Offer Karein: Ice chips, popsicles, ya smoothies soothing ho sakte hain aur hydration mein madad karte hain.
• Acidic ya Spicy Foods/Drinks Avoid Karein: Yeh munh ke sores ko irritate kar sakte hain.

3. Nutrition 

Soft Foods Encourage Karein: Aise foods khilayein jo soft aur easily nighalne wale ho, jaise:

• Mashed potatoes
• Applesauce
• Yogurt
• Oatmeal 
• Hard ya Crunchy Foods Avoid Karein: Aise foods jo munh ke sores ko irritate kar sakte hain, avoid karein.

4. Fever Management

Temperature Monitor Karein: Bacchon ka temperature track karein aur zarurat padne par fever-reducing medications de.

Comfort Measures: Bacchon ko lightweight kapde pehnayein aur unke aas-paas ka environment thanda rakhein taaki fever ko manage kiya ja sake.

5. Rest aur Comfort

Rest Encourage Karein: Bacchon ko rest karne ke liye ek quiet aur comfortable environment dein.

Distraction Techniques: Aise activities jaise reading, quiet games, ya movies dekhna use karein taaki bacchon ko recovery ke dauraan busy rakha ja sake.

6. Follow-Up Care 

Symptoms par nazar rakhein: Bacchon ki tabiyat ko gahraai se observe karein. Agar lakshan bigadne lagein, pani ki kami, gambhir symptoms ya phir uncha bukhar dikhai de, toh turant chikitsak se salaah lein.

 

Healthcare Provider se Salah Len: Agar dehydration ya severe symptoms ka darr ho, khaaskar chhote bacchon ya jinhe already health issues hain, unme doctor se consult karna zaruri hai.

 

Prevention 

Preventive measures mein include hota hai:

• Achhi Safai ki Adatein: Bathroom use karne ke baad aur khane se pehle sabun se haath dhona.
• Close Contact Avoid Karein: HFMD wale bacchon ko school ya daycare se door rakhein jab tak wo contagious na ho (usually jab fever theek ho jaye aur munh ke sores heal ho jaayein).
• Surfaces Disinfect Karein: Toys aur frequently touched surfaces ko clean karke virus ke spread ko kam kiya ja sakta hai.

 

Complications 

HFMD usually mild hota hai, lekin kabhi-kabhi complications bhi ho sakte hain, jaise:

• Dehydration: Munh ke sores ke kaaran nighalne mein dikkat ke karan.
• Viral Meningitis: Kabhi-kabhi virus se serious neurological conditions ho sakti hain.
• Myocarditis ya Encephalitis: Yeh serious complications rare hote hain, lekin enterovirus infections mein ho sakte hain.

 

Prognosis 

HFMD usually 7 se 10 din mein bina medical intervention ke theek ho jata hai. Zyadaatar bacche bina koi long-term health issues ke fully recover karte hain.

 

Conclusion 

Hand, foot, aur mouth disease ek common, generally mild viral infection hai bacchon mein. Symptoms, transmission, aur preventive measures ka dhyaan rakhke outbreaks ko effectively manage kiya ja sakta hai, aur illness ke dauraan bacchon ko comfortable rakha ja sakta hai. Agar severe symptoms ya dehydration ka sign dikhe, toh turant medical attention leni chahiye.